Self-Different Fractals and Innovation. Academic Firm and The Entrepreneurial University in Epistemic Governance Campbell, David F. J. / Elias G. Carayannis (2026) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group Book review written by Jun Kajee Innovation theory has long been preoccupied with dizzying diagrams, acronyms, and predictive models. The Triple, Quadruple, and Quintuple Helix frameworks promise neat categorizations of universities, firms, government, and society—but often leave policymakers wondering what to do with all this abstraction. David F. J. Campbell and Elias G. Carayannis offer a different ambition. They ask not how innovation happens, but how it can be governed—and in doing so, they situate the question in the philosophical realm. At the center of their argument is the idea of self-different fractals. Whereas traditional fractals are “self-similar” across scales, the authors insist that innovation systems are self-different: repeated, but never identical...
As Donald Trump hits the ground running in his second term as US President, Taiwan faces an increasingly complex geopolitical balancing act. The island nation must contend with Trump's unconventional approach to foreign policy, a deepening alliance between China and Russia, and the need to maintain its own security and sovereignty. Trump's "America First" Diplomacy Trump's return to the White House, colloquially known as “ Trump 2.0 ”, has ushered in a dramatic shift in US foreign policy. His " America First " agenda and transactional approach to international relations have raised concerns about the future of US-Taiwan ties and America's commitment to defending the island. A key aspect of Trump's foreign policy is his tendency to " personalize " international politics. Rather than engaging through traditional multilateral alliances, Trump prefers direct communication with individual leaders. He has referred to Chinese Presid...